GWP - BOREHOLE LOGGING

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* Nov 05: European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling: ECORD

August 2003
The Engineering School of the Catholic University (PUC) improves a Heating Ecologic System
According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, every thermic machine (or heating pump) that works between two temperatures focus (T1 and T2) will get a maximun efficiency of: E = (produced work)/(consumed energy) = (T1-T2) / T1 (the rest is unable to employ energy which increases the enthropy of the Universe).
Using this principle, as a starting point, engineers of the PUC have been working since 1994 in the development of an advanced system of non-polluting heating based in the employment of the geothermics energy (according to the Scandinavian countries). The system consists on a 200 metres depth well and 6" diameter into which some pipes are introduced. The well is made with impact tools or air hammers of the type DTH (the same used in minning). Through the pipes water is injected in T1, but by the gradient thermic effect of water it turns into T1+ 4°. This phenomenom allows to make work a heating system that increases the temperature, resulting in a heating system respectful with the environment with insignificant costs of operations. The technology is being exported to numerous countries with environmental conscience.

QUANTUM MECHANICS APPLIED TO BOREHOLE LOGGING

The main objective of a Borehole Logging is to get a U v/s Z curve (directly or indirectly), where U is a physical magnitude (resistivity, porosity, etc.) and Z corresponds to the vertical axis. Several quantum phenomena (gamma radiation, neutron-hydrogen collision, Compton effect, etc.) allow to get indirect imformation about the different physical magnitudes. The methods used are really ingenous helping to exemplify how an "abstract" scientific method can become a powerful engineering tool when it is well understood.

DEDUCTION OF THE CLAYEYNESS THROUGH GAMMA SPONTANEOUS RADIATION
Taking into account that:

  • Clays have great amounts of K
  • K40 form 0.012% of the natural K
  • K40 disintegrates into calcium and argon emiting beta and gamma radiation

Can be concluded that:
A sonda with a radioactive receiver can detect clayous zones: to a higher CPS, higher clayeyness (CPS=Counts Per Second)

Note: From the above reasoning the detrital enriched with uranium and torio strata are excluded, what would be easily detectable getting an out of scale lecture.

Borehole Logging

Wells to study: water collection, petrol, etc.

USUAL EQUIPMENT

  • Computer
  • Radioactive source
  • Receivers, etc.

Methods

  • Measurement of the porousity through neutron emission that throw hydrogen atoms
  • Measurement of the emission of natural gamma to determine the clayey degree
  • Specification of the density through the Compton effect (gamma-electron)
  • Specification of the diameter v/s Z
  • Specification of the electrical autopotential
  • Specification of the thermal gradient
  • Specification of the resistivity, etc.

MORE ...
* Compton Effect | Radiestesia
* Theory of borehole stability when drilling through salt formations
* Ultrasonic borehole velocity imaging
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