CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion 1997
We can see that 50% of CO₂ emitted in the world comes from only four countries: USA, China, Russia and Japan

Petrol Production in the 21st Century

A) The seismic prospection allows to get a 3D image where petrol (brown), water (blue) and gas (yellow) can be distinguished. A geophones serie captures the underground noises generated by artificial microseism. These data are sent to a computer, where they are soon processed to get a final map.

B) The production wells scatter bags of crude of the wells when extracting water and gas. The seismic prospection allows assembling the dates in a 4D model, showing the petrol, gas and water distribution in the space and time (predictions) Unfortunately, the seismic weeping fails when petrol is in a very tough rock or under saline layers (white stratum)

C) The CO₂ injection permits to rejuvenate dying wells, so the pressure pushes the remaining pétrol to operative wells. Water and natural gas can also be used. The future "inteligent wells" are going to decide where to extract the petrol from and where to inject water of the crude stream from.

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How much petrol does it remain?

• Reserves: The statistics are taken from "Oil and Gas Journal" and "World Oil" . The data have been overestimated so through these mechanism the producer country may export more crude. Corrected calculation: With a certainty of 50% there are 850 Gbo
• To discover: Certainly, there is a finite amount of crude. The 90% has already been found and 150 Gbo are left to be discovered
• Extraction rhythm: It is not constant. M. King Hurbbert proved that the maximum will be reached when the 50% of the resource gets exploited. By extrapolation, this maximum will be reached in 2010.

The decline in the production will put up the prices...